The 100 (buku)
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 Cover edisi 1992, The 100, peringkat orang paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah |
|
| Penulis | Michael H. Hart |
|---|---|
| Negara | Amerika Serikat |
| Bahasa | Inggris |
| Genre | Buku pengetahuan |
| Penerbit | Carol Publishing Group/Citadel Press |
| Tanggal terbit | 1978 |
| Terbitan dalam Bahasa Inggris | 1978 |
| Halaman | 576 |
| ISBN | 0-8065-1350-0 |
Buku ini dicetak kembali pada 1992 dengan beberapa revisi nyata terhadap daftar urutan 100 dan pangkat luar biasa mereka. Terutama di antara revisi itu ialah penurunan pangkat tokoh komunis seperti Lenin dan Joseph Stalin, dan pengenalan Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev. Edisi ini juga memuat Edward de Vere menggantikan William Shakespeare. Hart menggantikan Niels Henrik David Bohr dan Antoine Henri Becquerel dengan Ernest Rutherford, juga membetulkan kesalahan dalam edisi pertama. Henry Ford juga dimasukkan di sini dari yang sekedar "Tokoh-tokoh Terhormat", menggantikan Pablo Picasso. Akhirnya, urutan itu ditata kembali.
[sunting]
| Peringkat | Nama | Pengaruh |
| 1 | Nabi Muhammad | Penyebar agama Islam, penguasa Arabia. |
| 2 | Isaac Newton | Fisikawan, pencetus Teori Gravitasi umum, Hukum gerak |
| 3 | Yesus / Nabi Isa | Isa Al Masih Kristen |
| 4 | Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) | Pendiri agama Buddha |
| 5 | Kong Hu Cu | Pendiri agama Kong Hu Cu |
| 6 | Santo Paulus | Penyebar ajaran Kristen |
| 7 | Ts'ai Lun | Penemu kertas |
| 8 | Johann Gutenberg | Mengembangkan mesin cetak, mencetak Alkitab |
| 9 | Christopher Columbus | Penjelajah, memimpin orang-orang Eropa ke Amerika |
| 10 | Albert Einstein | Fisikawan, penemu Teori Relativitas |
| 11 | Louis Pasteur | Ilmuwan, penemu Pasteurisasi |
| 12 | Galileo Galilei | Astronom, secara akurat mengemukakan teori Heliosentris |
| 13 | Aristoteles | Filsuf Yunani yang berpengaruh |
| 14 | Euclides | Matematikawan, membuktikan tentang Geometri |
| 15 | Nabi Musa | Nabi terbesar Yahudi |
| 16 | Charles Robert Darwin | Biologis, mendeskripsikan teori Evolusi |
| 17 | Kaisar Qin Shi Huang-Di | Kaisar Tiongkok |
| 18 | Augustus Caesar (Kaisar Agustus) | Kaisar pertama Kekaisaran Romawi |
| 19 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Astronom, salah satu tokoh Teori Heliosentris |
| 20 | Antoine Laurent Lavoisier | Bapak Kimia modern, Filsuf dan Ekonom |
| 21 | Constantine yang Agung | Kaisar Romawi yang menjadikan agama Kristen sebagai agama resmi negara |
| 22 | James Watt | Mengembangkan Mesin uap |
| 23 | Michael Faraday | Fisikawan, Kimiawan, menemukan Induksi Elektromagnetik |
| 24 | James Clerk Maxwell | Fisikawan, penemu Spektrum Elektromagnetik |
| 25 | Martin Luther | Pendiri agama Protestan dan aliran Lutheran |
| 26 | George Washington | Presiden pertama Amerika Serikat |
| 27 | Karl Heinrich Marx | Bapak Komunisme |
| 28 | Orville Wright dan Wilbur Wright | Penemu Pesawat terbang |
| 29 | Genghis Khan | Penakluk dari bangsa Mongol |
| 30 | Adam Smith | Ekonom, pelopor Kapitalisme |
| 31 | Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford | Kemungkinan menulis karya yang berkaitan dengan William Shakespeare |
| 32 | John Dalton | Kimiawan, Fisikawan, penemu Teori Atom, Hukum Tekanan Parsial (Hukum Dalton) |
| 33 | Alexander yang Agung | Penakluk dari Makedonia |
| 34 | Kaisar Napoleon Bonaparte | Penakluk dari bangsa Perancis |
| 35 | Thomas Alva Edison | Penemu bola lampu dan Fonograf, dll. |
| 36 | Antony van Leeuwenhoek | Ahli Mikroskop, mempelajari kehidupan mikroskopis |
| 37 | William Thomas Green Morton | Pelopor Anestesiologi |
| 38 | Guglielmo Marconi | Penemu Radio |
| 39 | Adolf Hitler | Penakluk, memimpin Blok Poros dalam Perang Dunia II |
| 40 | Plato | Filsuf Yunani |
| 41 | Oliver Cromwell | Politikus Inggris dan pemimpin militer |
| 42 | Alexander Graham Bell | Salah seorang penemu Telepon |
| 43 | Alexander Fleming | Penemu Penisilin, memajukan Bakteriologi, Imunologi dan Kemoterapi |
| 44 | John Locke | Filsuf dan Teolog liberal |
| 45 | Ludwig van Beethoven | Komponis musik klasik |
| 46 | Werner Karl Heisenberg | Pencetus Prinsip Ketidakpastian |
| 47 | Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre | Penemu/pelopor Fotografi |
| 48 | Simon Bolivar | Pahlawan nasional dari Venezuela, Kolombia, Ekuador, Peru, dan Bolivia |
| 49 | René Descartes | Filsuf Rasionalis dan matematikawan |
| 50 | Umar bin al-Khattab | Khalifah Ar-Rasyidin kedua, memperluas Daulah Khilafah Islamiyah. |
| 51 | Paus Urbanus II | Penyeru Perang Salib |
| 52 | Michelangelo Buonarroti | Pelukis, pematung, arsitek |
| 53 | Asoka | Raja India yang masuk dan mengembangkan agama Buddha |
| 54 | Santo Augustinus | Teolog Kristen awal |
| 55 | William Harvey | Penemu sirkulasi darah |
| 56 | Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson | Fisikawan |
| 57 | John Calvin | Tokoh Reformasi Gereja, pendiri Calvinisme |
| 58 | Gregor Johann Mendel | Penemu teori genetika |
| 59 | Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck | Fisikawan, mengemukakan Termodinamika |
| 60 | Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister | Pelaku penemuan Antiseptik yang secara besar mengurangi kematian akibat pembedahan |
| 61 | Nikolaus August Otto | Penemu mesin pembakaran 4 tak |
| 62 | Francisco Pizarro | Penakluk dari bangsa Spanyol yang menaklukkan Kerajaan Inka di Amerika Selatan |
| 63 | Hernando Cortes | Penakluk dari bangsa Spanyol yang menaklukkan Meksiko |
| 64 | Thomas Jefferson | Presiden ketiga AS |
| 65 | Ratu Isabella I | Penguasa Spanyol, penyokong Cristopher Colombus |
| 66 | Joseph Stalin (Joseph Vissarionovich Dzugashvili | Tokoh revolusioner dan penguasa Uni Soviet |
| 67 | Julius Caesar | Penguasa Roma |
| 68 | Raja William I sang Penakluk | Meletakkan pembangunan Inggris modern |
| 69 | Sigmund Freud | Pendiri sekolah Freud untuk psikologi, ahli psikoanalisis |
| 70 | Edward Jenner | Penemu vaksin cacar |
| 71 | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen | Penemu sinar X |
| 72 | Johann Sebastian Bach | Komponis |
| 73 | Lao Tzu | Pendiri Taoisme |
| 74 | Voltaire | Penulis dan filsuf |
| 75 | Johannes Kepler | Astronom penemu Hukum Kepler tentang pergerakan planet |
| 76 | Enrico Fermi | Salah satu tokoh abad atom, Bapak Bom Atom |
| 77 | Leonhard Euler | Fisikawan, matematikawan penemu Kalkulus Diferensial dan Integral serta Aljabar |
| 78 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Filsuf dan pengarang Prancis |
| 79 | Niccolò Machiavelli | Penulis Sang Pangeran (risalat politik yang berpengaruh) |
| 80 | Thomas Robert Malthus | Ekonom penulis Esai Prinsip Populasi dalam Pengaruhnya pada Kemajuan Masa Depan pada Masyarakat |
| 81 | John Fitzgerald Kennedy | Presiden AS yang mendirikan "Program Luar Angkasa Apollo" |
| 82 | Gregory Goodwin Pincus | Endokrinolog, menemukan pil KB |
| 83 | Mani (en) | Nabi Iran abad ke-3, Pendiri Manicheanisme |
| 84 | Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov) | Tokoh revolusioner dan pemimpin Rusia |
| 85 | Kaisar Sui Wen | Menyatukan Tiongkok, pendiri Dinasti Sui |
| 86 | Vasco da Gama | Navigator, penemu rute pelayaran Eropa ke India |
| 87 | Raja Cyrus yang Agung | Pendiri kekaisaran Persia |
| 88 | Tsar Peter yang Agung | Mendekatkan Rusia kepada Eropa |
| 89 | Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) | Bapak Maoisme, komunisme Tiongkok |
| 90 | Sir Francis Bacon | Filsuf, menggambarkan secara induktif metode ilmiah |
| 91 | Henry Ford | Pembuat mobil model T |
| 92 | Meng Tse | Filsuf, pendiri sekolah Konfusianisme |
| 93 | Zarathustra (Zoroaster) | Pendiri Zoroastrianisme |
| 94 | Ratu Elizabeth I | Ratu Inggris, memperbaiki Gereja Inggris setelah Ratu Mary |
| 95 | Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev | Perdana Menteri Rusia yang mengakhiri Komunisme di Uni Soviet dan Eropa Timur |
| 96 | Raja Menes | Menyatukan Mesir Hulu dan Hilir |
| 97 | Kaisar Charlemagne | Kaisar Romawi Suci |
| 98 | Homer | Penyair epik |
| 99 | Kaisar Yustinianus I | Kaisar Romawi Timur, menaklukkan kembali sebagian Kekaisaran Romawi Barat |
| 100 | Mahavira | Pendiri Jainisme |
[sunting] Tokoh-tokoh Terhormat
| Nama | Pengaruh |
| St. Thomas Aquinas | Filsuf Kristen awal yang berpengaruh |
| Archimedes | Matematikawan dan insinyur besar Yunani kuno |
| Charles Babbage | Matematikawan dan penemu pelopor Komputer |
| Kaisar Khufu (Cheops) | Pembangun Piramida Besar |
| Marie Curie | fisikawan penemu radioaktif |
| Benjamin Franklin | Politikus Amerika dan penemu penangkal petir |
| Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi | Pemimpin India dan pembaharu Hindu |
| Abraham Lincoln | Presiden ke-16 AS, memimpin selama Perang Sipil AS |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Navigator, memberi nama Samudra Pasifik, pertama kali mengelilingi dunia |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Seniman, penemu |
[sunting] Bacaan Lebih Lanjut
- The 100, Michael H. Hart, Carol Publishing Group, July 1992, paperback, 576 halaman, ISBN 0-8065-1350-0
Kategori:
NABI MUHAMMAD SAW
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF
NABI MUHAMMAD SAW
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF
SIR ISAAC NEWTON
| Sir Isaac Newton | |
|---|---|
 Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait of Isaac Newton (age 46) |
|
| Born | 25 December 1642 [NS: 4 January 1643][1] Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth Lincolnshire, England |
| Died | 20 March 1727 (aged 84) [NS: 31 March 1727][1] Kensington, Middlesex, England |
| Residence | England |
| Nationality | English |
| Fields | Physics, mathematics, astronomy, natural philosophy, alchemy, Christian theology |
| Institutions | University of Cambridge Royal Society Royal Mint |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge |
| Academic advisors | Isaac Barrow[2] Benjamin Pulleyn[3][4] |
| Notable students | Roger Cotes William Whiston |
| Known for | Newtonian mechanics Universal gravitation Infinitesimal calculus Optics Binomial series Newton's method Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica |
| Influences | Henry More[5] Polish Brethren[6] |
| Influenced | Nicolas Fatio de Duillier John Keill |
Signature |
|
NABI ISA AS / YESUS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha
| Jesus | |
|---|---|
 Jesus as Good Shepherd (stained glass at St John's Ashfield) |
|
| Born | 7–2 BC/BCE[1] Judaea[2] |
| Died | 30–36 AD/CE[3][4][5][6][7] Judaea |
| Cause of death | Crucifixion[8] |
| Ethnicity | Jewish[9] |
| Home town | Nazareth, Galilee[10] |
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
| Gautama Buddha | |
|---|---|
 A statue of the Buddha from Sarnath, 4th century CE |
|
| Born | c. 563 BCE Lumbini (today in Nepal) |
| Died | c. 483 BCE (aged 80) or 411 and 400 BCE Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh (today in India) |
| Ethnicity | Shakya |
| Known for | Founder of Buddhism |
| Predecessor | Kassapa Buddha |
| Successor | Maitreya Buddha |
CONFUCIUS / KONG HU CU
 A portrait of Confucius by the Tang Dynasty artist Wu Daozi (680–740) |
|
| Born | 28 September 551 BC Qufu, Lu |
|---|---|
| Died | 479 BC (aged 71 or 72) Qufu, Lu |
| Era | Ancient philosophy |
| Region | Chinese philosophy |
| School | Founder of Confucianism |
| Main interests | Moral philosophy, Social philosophy, Ethics |
| Notable ideas | Confucianism |
SANTO PAULUS
| Paul the Apostle | |
|---|---|
 Ananias of Damascus restores the sight of Saint Paul. A 1631 painting by Pietro Cortona. |
|
| Apostle to the Gentiles | |
| Born | ca. AD 5[1] in Tarsus in Cilicia[2] (south-central Turkey) |
| Died | ca. AD 67[3] in Rome[3] |
| Honored in | All Christianity |
| Major shrine | Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls |
| Feast | January 25 (The Conversion of Paul) February 10 (Feast of Saint Paul's Shipwreck in Malta) June 29 (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) November 18 (Feast of the dedication of the basilicas of Saints Peter and Paul) |
| Attributes | Sword |
| Patronage | Missions; Theologians; Gentile Christians; |
TS'AI LUN
| Cai Lun | |
|---|---|
 Sebuah lukisan abad ke-18 (Dinasti Qing) yang menggambarkan Cai Lun sebagai pembuat kertas |
|
| Lahir | sekitar 50 Guiyang (sekarang Leiyang), China |
| Meninggal | 121 China |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_Lun
JOHANN GUTENBERG
| Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | c. 1398 Mainz, Electorate of Mainz |
| Died | February 3, 1468 (aged 70) Mainz, Electorate of Mainz |
| Cause of death | Natural Causes |
| Occupation | Engraver, Inventor, and Printer |
| Religion | Catholic |
| Spouse | Else Wirick zum Gutenburg |
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
| Cristòfor Colom | |
|---|---|
 Detall del quadre La Mare de Déu dels Navegants d'Alejo Fernández, pintat entre 1505 i 1536 (Sala dels Almiralls, Reials Alcàssers de Sevilla), l'únic retrat de Colom fet amb patrocini oficial |
|
| Naixement | 1436/1451 |
| Defunció | 20 de maig del 1506 Valladolid |
| Altres noms | Genovès: Christoffa Corombo
Castellà: Cristóbal Colón Llatí: Christophorus Columbus |
| Títol | Almirall de l'Oceà Atlàntic; virrei i governador de les Índies |
| Creences religioses | Catolicisme |
| Muller/s | Filipa Moniz (c. 1476-1485) |
| Fills/es | Diego Colón Moniz Fernando Colón |
Signatura
 | |
ALBERT EINSTEIN
| Albert Einstein | |
|---|---|
 Albert Einstein in 1921 |
|
| Born | 14 March 1879 Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire |
| Died | 18 April 1955 (aged 76) Princeton, New Jersey, United States |
| Residence | Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, United Kingdom, United States |
| Citizenship |
|
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | |
| Alma mater | |
| Doctoral advisor | Alfred Kleiner |
| Other academic advisors | Heinrich Friedrich Weber |
| Notable students | |
| Known for | |
| Notable awards |
|
| Spouse | Mileva Marić (1903–1919) Elsa Löwenthal, née Einstein, (1919–1936) |
Signature | |
LOUIS PASTEUR
| Louis Pasteur | |
|---|---|
 Louis Pasteur photographed by Pierre Lamy Petit |
|
| Born | December 27, 1822 Dole, Jura, Franche-Comté, France |
| Died | September 28, 1895 (aged 72) Marnes-la-Coquette, Hauts-de-Seine, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Fields | Chemistry Microbiology |
| Institutions | Dijon Lycée University of Strasbourg Université Lille Nord de France École Normale Supérieure |
| Alma mater | École Normale Supérieure |
| Notable students | Charles Friedel[1] |
Signature | |
GALILEO GALILEI
| Galileo Galilei | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Galileo Galilei by Giusto Sustermans |
|
| Born | 15 February 1564[1] Pisa,[1] Duchy of Florence, Italy |
| Died | 8 January 1642 (aged 77)[1] Arcetri,[1] Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy |
| Residence | Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian (Tuscan) |
| Fields | Astronomy, physics and mathematics |
| Institutions | University of Pisa University of Padua |
| Alma mater | University of Pisa |
| Academic advisors | Ostilio Ricci[2] |
| Notable students | Benedetto Castelli Mario Guiducci Vincenzo Viviani[3] |
| Known for | Kinematics Dynamics Telescopic observational astronomy Heliocentrism |
Signature |
|
Notes
His father was the musician Vincenzo Galilei. Galileo Galilei's mistress Marina Gamba (1570 – 21 August 1612?) bore him two daughters (Maria Celeste (Virginia, 1600–1634) and Livia (1601–1659), both of whom became nuns) and a son Vincenzo (1606–1649), a lutenist. | |
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei
ARISTOTELES
 Aristotle: copy of portrait bust by Lysippos |
|
| Born | 384 BC Stageira, Chalcidice |
|---|---|
| Died | 322 BC (age 61 or 62) Euboea |
| Era | Ancient philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Peripatetic school Aristotelianism |
| Main interests | Physics, Metaphysics, Poetry, Theatre, Music, Rhetoric, Politics, Government, Ethics, Biology, Zoology |
| Notable ideas | Golden mean, Reason, Logic, Syllogism, Passion |
EUCLIDES
| Euclid | |
|---|---|
 Euclid in Raphael's School of Athens |
|
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | Unknown |
| Residence | Alexandria, Egypt |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Known for | Euclidean geometry Euclid's Elements |
NABI MUSA AS
 "Bayi Musa diambil dari air", oleh Nicolas Poussin, 1638. |
|
| Arti nama | Orang yang diambil dari air[1] |
|---|---|
| Orang tua | Amram[2] (ayah), Yokhebed[2] (ibu) |
| Istri | Zipora[3] anak Yitro (Rehuel) |
| Anak | Gersom dan Eliezer[4] |
| Saudara | Harun[2] (laki-laki), Miryam[5] (perempuan) |
| Pekerjaan | Pengantara Allah, Pemberi Hukum, Nabi, Pemimpin Bangsa[6] |
| Tempat lahir | Goshen, Mesir[7] |
| Tempat mati | Gunung Nebo[8], Moab (Yordania modern) |
| Umur | 120 tahun[9] |
| Sumber | |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses
CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN
| Charles Darwin | |
|---|---|
 Charles Darwin, aged 45 in 1854, by then working towards publication of On the Origin of Species |
|
| Born | 12 February 1809 Mount House, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England |
| Died | 19 April 1882 (aged 73) Down House, Downe, Kent, England |
| Residence | England |
| Citizenship | British |
| Nationality | British |
| Fields | Naturalist |
| Institutions | Geological Society of London |
| Alma mater | (tertiary education): University of Edinburgh (medicine) University of Cambridge (ordinary Bachelor of Arts) |
| Academic advisors | John Stevens Henslow Adam Sedgwick |
| Known for | The Voyage of the Beagle On the Origin of Species evolution by natural selection, common descent |
| Influences | Alexander von Humboldt John Herschel Charles Lyell |
| Influenced | Joseph Dalton Hooker Thomas Henry Huxley George Romanes Ernst Haeckel |
| Notable awards | Royal Medal (1853) Wollaston Medal (1859) Copley Medal (1864) |
| Spouse | Emma Darwin (1839-1896) |
Signature | |
KAISAR QIN SHI HUANG-DI
 |
|
| Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇 |
|
| Ancestral name (姓): | Ying (嬴) |
| Clan name (氏): | Zhao¹ (趙) |
| Given name (名): | Zheng (政) |
| King of the State of Qin | |
| Dates of reign: | 7 May 247 BC – 221 BC |
| Official title: | King of Qin (秦王) |
| First Emperor of China | |
| Dates of reign: | 221 BC – 10 September 210 BC |
| Official title: | First Emperor (始皇帝) |
| Dates are in the proleptic Julian calendar | |
| ——— 1. As appears in the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian. Apparently, the First Emperor being born in the State of Zhao where his father was a hostage, he later adopted Zhao as his clan name (in ancient China clan names often changed from generation to generation), but this is not completely certain. | |
AUGUSTUS CAESAR
| Augustus | |
|---|---|
| 1st Emperor of the Roman Empire | |
 The statue known as the Augustus of Prima Porta, 1st century |
|
| Reign | 16 January 27 BC – 19 August AD 14 |
| Full name | Birth to adoption: Gaius Octavius Thurinus Adoption to accession: Gaius Julius Caesar As Emperor: Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus |
| Born | 23 September 63 BC |
| Birthplace | Rome, Roman Republic |
| Died | 19 August AD 14 (aged 75) |
| Place of death | Nola, Italia, Roman Empire |
| Buried | Mausoleum of Augustus, Rome |
| Predecessor | None (Empire founded) |
| Successor | Tiberius |
| Consort to | Clodia Pulchra Scribonia Livia Drusilla |
| Offspring | Julia the Elder Gaius Caesar (adoptive) Lucius Caesar (adoptive) Agrippa Postumus (adoptive) Tiberius (adoptive) |
| Father | Gaius Octavius |
| Mother | Atia Balba Caesonia |
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
| Nicolaus Copernicus | |
|---|---|
 Portrait, 1580, Toruń Old Town City Hall |
|
| Born | 19 February 1473 Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland |
| Died | 24 May 1543 (aged 70) Frombork (Frauenburg), Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland |
| Fields | Mathematics, astronomy, canon law, medicine, economics |
| Alma mater | Kraków University, Bologna University, University of Padua, University of Ferrara |
| Known for | Heliocentrism, Copernicus' Law |
Signature | |
ANTOINE LAURENT LAVOISIER
Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier
| Naissance | 26 août 1743 Paris (  Royaume de France) |
|---|---|
| Décès | 8 mai 1794 (à 50 ans) Paris (  République française) |
| Nationalité | Française |
| Champs | Chimiste Philosophe Économiste Fermier général |
| Renommé pour | Loi de Lavoisier |
| Distinctions | Son nom est sur la Liste des soixante-douze noms de savants inscrits sur la tour Eiffel Hommes illustres (Louvre) |
Signature
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_LavoisierCONSTANTINE YANG AGUNG
| Constantine I | |
|---|---|
| 57th Emperor of the Roman Empire | |
 Head of Constantine's colossal statue at the Capitoline Museums. The original statue of marble was acrolithic with the torso consisting of a cuirass in bronze.[1] |
|
| Reign | 25 July 306 AD – 29 October 312 AD[notes 1] 29 October 312 – 19 September 324[notes 2] 19 September 324 – 22 May 337[notes 3] |
| Full name | Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus |
| Born | 27 February ca. 272[2] |
| Birthplace | Naissus, Moesia |
| Died | 22 May 337 (aged 65) |
| Place of death | Nicomedia |
| Predecessor | Constantius I |
| Successor | Constantine II Constantius II Constans I |
| Consort | Minervina, died or divorced before 307 Fausta |
| Offspring | Constantina Helena Crispus Constantine II Constantius II Constans |
| Dynasty | Constantinian dynasty |
| Father | Constantius Chlorus |
| Mother | Helena |
JAMES WATT
| James Watt | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of James Watt (1736-1819) by Carl Frederik von Breda |
|
| Born | 19 January 1736 Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland |
| Died | 25 August 1819 (aged 83)[1] Handsworth, Birmingham, England |
| Residence | Glasgow then Handsworth, Great Britain |
| Citizenship | Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Fields | Inventor and Mechanical Engineer |
| Institutions | University of Glasgow Boulton and Watt |
| Known for | Improving the steam engine |
Signature | |
MICHAEL FARADAY
| Michael Faraday | |
|---|---|
 Michael Faraday |
|
| Born | 22 September 1791 Newington Butts, England |
| Died | 25 August 1867 (aged 75) Hampton Court, Middlesex, England |
| Residence | United Kingdom |
| Nationality | British |
| Fields | Physics, Chemistry |
| Institutions | Royal Institution |
| Known for | Faraday's law of induction Electrochemistry Faraday effect Faraday cage Faraday constant Faraday cup Faraday's laws of electrolysis Faraday paradox Faraday rotator Faraday-efficiency effect Faraday wave Faraday wheel Lines of force |
| Influences | Humphry Davy William Thomas Brande |
| Notable awards | Royal Medal (1835 & 1846) Copley Medal (1832 & 1838) Rumford Medal (1846) |
Signature | |
JAMES CLERK MAXWELL
| James Clerk Maxwell | |
|---|---|
 James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) |
|
| Born | 13 June 1831 Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | 5 November 1879 (aged 48) Cambridge, England |
| Citizenship | United Kingdom |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Fields | Physics and mathematics |
| Institutions | Marischal College, Aberdeen King's College London University of Cambridge |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh University of Cambridge |
| Academic advisors | William Hopkins |
| Notable students | George Chrystal |
| Known for | Maxwell's equations Maxwell distribution Maxwell's demon Maxwell's discs Maxwell speed distribution Maxwell's theorem Maxwell material Generalized Maxwell model Displacement current |
| Notable awards | Smith's Prize (1854) Adams Prize (1857) Rumford Medal (1860) Keith Prize (1869–71) |
Signature | |
MARTIN LUTHER
| Martin Luther | |
|---|---|
 Luther in 1533 by Lucas Cranach the Elder |
|
| Born | 10 November 1483 Eisleben, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 18 February 1546 (aged 62) Eisleben, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire |
| Occupation | Monk, Priest, Theologian |
| Notable works | The Ninety-Five Theses, Luther's Large Catechism, Luther's Small Catechism, On the Freedom of a Christian |
| Spouse | Katharina von Bora |
| Children | Hans (Johannes), Elisabeth, Magdalena, Martin, Paul, Margarethe |
| Influences | Paul the Apostle, Augustine of Hippo |
| Influenced | Philipp Melanchthon, Lutheranism, John Calvin, Karl Barth |
| Signature | |
 | |
GEORGE WASHINGTON
| George Washington | |
|
|
| Fonctions | |
|---|---|
| 1er président des États-Unis | |
| 30 avril 1789 – 4 mars 1797 (7 ans, 10 mois et 4 jours) |
|
| Élection | 10 janvier 1789 |
| Réélection | 7 novembre 1792 |
| Vice-président | John Adams |
| Prédécesseur | Fonction créée |
| Successeur | John Adams |
| Commandant-en-chef de l'Armée continentale | |
| 15 juin 1775 – 23 décembre 1783 | |
| Prédécesseur | Fonction créée |
| Successeur | Henry Knox |
| Biographie | |
| Date de naissance | 22 février 1732 |
| Lieu de naissance | comté de Westmoreland, Colonie de Virginie |
| Date de décès | 14 décembre 1799 (à 67 ans) |
| Lieu de décès | Mount Vernon, Virginie |
| Nationalité | Américaine |
| Parti politique | Indépendant |
| Conjoint | Martha Washington |
| Profession | Arpenteur, cartographe, Topographe, planteur, politicien |
| Religion | Église d'Angleterre Église épiscopale des États-Unis |
| Signature |  |
 |
|
| Présidents des États-Unis | |
| modifier | |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington
KARL HEINRICH MARX
 Marx in 1875 |
|
| Born | 5 May 1818 Trier, Kingdom of Prussia |
|---|---|
| Died | 14 March 1883 (aged 64) London, United Kingdom |
| Era | 19th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western Philosophy, German philosophy |
| School | Marxism, Communism, Socialism, Materialism |
| Main interests | Politics, economics, philosophy, sociology, labour, history, class struggle, |
| Notable ideas | Co-founder of Marxism (with Engels), surplus value, contributions to the labor theory of value, alienation and exploitation of the worker, The Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital, materialist conception of history |
| Signature |  |
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx
ORVILLE WRIGHT & WILBUR WRIGHT
| Orville Wright | |
|---|---|
 Photo: 1903 |
|
| Born | August 19, 1871 Dayton, Ohio |
| Died | January 30, 1948 (aged 76) Dayton, Ohio |
| Ethnicity | German, Dutch, English |
| Occupation | Printer/publisher, bicycle retailer/manufacturer, airplane inventor/manufacturer, pilot trainer |
| Spouse | none |
| Signature |  |
| Wilbur Wright | |
|---|---|
 Photo: 1903 |
|
| Born | April 16, 1867 Millville, Indiana |
| Died | May 30, 1912 (aged 45) Dayton, Ohio |
| Ethnicity | German, Dutch, English |
| Occupation | Editor, bicycle retailer/manufacturer, airplane inventor/manufacturer, pilot trainer |
| Spouse | none |
| Signature |  |
GENGHIS KHAN
| Genghis Khan | |
|---|---|
| Khagan of the Mongol Empire (Supreme Khan of the Mongols) King of Kings Khagan of Khamag Mongol Lord of the Four Colors and Five Tongues Son of Khan Tengri Emperor of All Men |
|
 |
|
| Reign | Spring 1206 – August 25, 1227 (more than 21 years) |
| Coronation | Spring 1206 in khurultai at the Onon River, Mongolia |
| Full name |  Mongol: Чингис Хаан Chingis Khaan Mongol script (right): Chinggis Khagan[note 1] |
| Titles | Khan, Khagan Temple name: Chinese: 元太祖; pinyin: Yuán Tàizǔ Posthumous name: Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu (法天啟運聖武皇帝) |
| Born | probably 1162[2] |
| Birthplace | Khentii Mountains, Mongolia |
| Died | August 1227[3] (Aged 65) |
| Successor | Ögedei Khan |
| Consort | Borte Ujin Khulan Yesugen Yesui others |
| Offspring | Jochi Chagatai Ögedei Tolui Others |
| Royal House | Borjigin |
| Father | Yesügei |
| Mother | Oulen |
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_C%C3%A1t_T%C6%B0_H%C3%A3n
ADAM SMITH
 |
|
| Born | 16 June 1723 Kirkcaldy, Scotland |
|---|---|
| Died | 17 July 1790 (aged 67) Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Classical economics |
| Main interests | Political philosophy, ethics, economics |
| Notable ideas | Classical economics, modern free market, division of labour, the "invisible hand" |
| Signature |  |
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith
EDWARD DE VERE, 17th EARL OF OXFORD
| The Earl of Oxford | |
|---|---|
 Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, unknown artist after lost original, 1575, National Portrait Gallery, London |
|
| Born | 12 April 1550 Castle Hedingham, Essex |
| Died | 24 June 1604 (aged 54) Kings Place in Hackney |
| Title | Earl of Oxford |
| Tenure | 1562 – 1604 |
| Other titles | Viscount Bulbeck |
| Nationality | English |
| Locality | Essex |
| Offices | Lord Great Chamberlain |
| Spouse(s) | Anne Cecil Elizabeth Trentham |
| Issue | Elizabeth Stanley, Countess of Derby Bridget Norris, Countess of Berkshire Susan Herbert, Countess of Montgomery Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford Sir Edward Vere (illegitimate) |
| Parents | John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford Margery Golding |
| Signature | |
 | |
http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_de_Vere,_17:e_earl_av_Oxford
JOHN DALTON
| John Dalton | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | 6 September 1766 Eaglesfield, Cumberland, England |
| Died | 27 July 1844 (aged 77) Manchester, England |
| Notable students | James Prescott Joule |
| Known for | Atomic Theory, Law of Multiple Proportions, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, Daltonism |
| Influences | John Gough |
Signature | |
ALEXANDER YANG AGUNG
| Alexander the Great | |
|---|---|
| Basileus of Macedon | |
 Alexander fighting the Persian king Darius III. From Alexander Mosaic, Naples National Archaeological Museum |
|
| Reign | 336–323 BC |
| Full name | Alexander III of Macedon |
| Greek |
|
| Titles |
|
| Born | 20 or 21 July 356 BC |
| Birthplace | Pella, Macedon |
| Died | 10 or 11 June 323 BC (aged 32) |
| Place of death | Babylon |
| Predecessor | Philip II of Macedon |
| Successor | |
| Wives | Roxana of Bactria Stateira II of Persia Parysatis II of Persia |
| Offspring | Alexander IV of Macedon |
| Dynasty | Argead dynasty |
| Father | Philip II of Macedon |
| Mother | Olympias of Epirus |
| Religious beliefs | Greek polytheism |
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Magno
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand
KAISAR NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
| Napoléon Ier | |
|
|
| Titre | |
|---|---|
| Empereur des Français | |
| 20 mars 1815 – 22 juin 1815 (3 mois et 2 jours) |
|
| Prédécesseur | Louis XVIII (roi de France) |
| Successeur | Louis XVIII (roi de France) Napoléon II (empereur des Français) |
| 18 mai 1804 – 6 avril 1814 (9 ans, 10 mois et 18 jours) |
|
| Couronnement | 2 décembre 1804, en la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris |
| Successeur | Louis XVIII (roi de France) |
| Roi d'Italie | |
| 17 mars 1805 – 11 avril 1814 (9 ans, 0 mois et 24 jours) |
|
| Successeur | Victor-Emmanuel II (roi d'Italie en 1861) |
| Protecteur de la Confédération du Rhin | |
| 12 juillet 1806 – 19 octobre 1813 (7 ans, 3 mois et 7 jours) |
|
| Prédécesseur | François II (empereur romain germanique) |
| Successeur | Confédération germanique |
| Médiateur de la Confédération suisse | |
| 19 février 1803 – 19 octobre 1813 (10 ans, 8 mois et 0 jour) |
|
| Prédécesseur | République helvétique |
| Successeur | Confédération des XXII cantons |
| Premier Consul de la République Napoléon Bonaparte |
|
| 10 novembre 1799 – 18 mai 1804 (4 ans, 5 mois et 8 jours) |
|
| Prédécesseur | Directoire |
| Président de la République italienne Napoléon Bonaparte |
|
| 26 janvier 1802 – 17 mars 1805 (3 ans, 1 mois et 21 jours) |
|
| Prédécesseur | République cisalpine |
| Biographie | |
| Dynastie | Maison Bonaparte |
| Nom de naissance | Napoleone di Buonaparte |
| Date de naissance | 15 août 1769 |
| Lieu de naissance | Ajaccio, (France) |
| Date de décès | 5 mai 1821 (à 51 ans) |
| Lieu de décès | Île Sainte-Hélène (Royaume-Uni) |
| Père | Charles Bonaparte |
| Mère | Maria Letizia Ramolino |
| Conjoint | Joséphine de Beauharnais (1796-1810) Marie-Louise d'Autriche (1810-1821) |
| Enfants | Napoléon Bonaparte, prince impérial, roi de Rome |
| Héritier | Prince Napoléon, prince impérial |
  |
|
| Monarques de France Monarques d'Italie |
|
| modifier | |
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon
THOMAS ALVA EDISON
| Thomas Edison | |
|---|---|
"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration."
– Thomas Alva Edison, Harper's Monthly (September 1932) |
|
| Born | Thomas Alva Edison February 11, 1847 Milan, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | October 18, 1931 (aged 84) West Orange, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Education | School dropout |
| Occupation | Inventor, businessman |
| Religion | Deist |
| Spouse | Mary Stilwell (m. 1871–1884) Mina Miller (m. 1886–1931) |
| Children | Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965) Thomas Alva Edison Jr. (1876–1935) William Leslie Edison (1878–1937) Madeleine Edison (1888–1979) Charles Edison (1890–1969) Theodore Miller Edison (1898–1992) |
| Parents | Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–1896) Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871) |
| Relatives | Lewis Miller (father-in-law) |
| Signature |  |
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison
ANTONY VAN LEEUWENHOEK
| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) by Jan Verkolje |
|
| Born | October 24, 1632 Delft, Netherlands |
| Died | August 26, 1723 (aged 90) Delft, Netherlands |
| Residence | Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Fields | Microscopist and Biologist |
| Known for | Discovery of protozoa First red blood cell description |
Signature | |
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_van_Leeuwenhoek
WILLIAM THOMAS GREEN MORTON
| William Thomas Green Morton | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | 9 August 1819 Charlton, Massachusetts |
| Died | 15 July 1868 (aged 48) New York City |
| Nationality | United States |
| Fields | Dentistry |
| Known for | Ether for surgical operation |
| Influences | Charles T. Jackson Horace Wells |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Whiteman |
GUGLIELMO MARCONI
| sen. Guglielmo Marconi | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Parlamento del Regno d'Italia Senato del Regno d'Italia |
||
 |
|||
| Luogo nascita | Bologna | ||
| Data nascita | 25 aprile 1874 | ||
| Luogo morte | Roma | ||
| Data morte | 20 luglio 1937 | ||
| Titolo di studio | Autodidatta | ||
| Professione | Scienziato | ||
| Senatore a vita | |||
| Investitura | Categoria 20 (Coloro che con servizi o meriti eminenti hanno illustrata la Patria) | ||
| Data | 30 aprile 1914 | ||
Pagina istituzionale | |||
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi
ADOLF HITLER
| Adolf Hitler | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Hitler in 1937 | |
| Führer of Germany | |
| In office 2 August 1934 – 30 April 1945 |
|
| Preceded by | Paul von Hindenburg (as President) |
| Succeeded by | Karl Dönitz (as President) |
| Chancellor of Germany | |
| In office 30 January 1933 – 30 April 1945 |
|
| President | Paul von Hindenburg |
| Deputy |
|
| Preceded by | Kurt von Schleicher |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Goebbels |
| Reichsstatthalter of Prussia | |
| In office 30 January 1933 – 30 January 1935 |
|
| Prime Minister | |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, Austria–Hungary |
| Died | 30 April 1945 (aged 56) Berlin, Germany |
| Nationality |
|
| Political party | National Socialist German Workers' Party (1921–1945) |
| Other political affiliations |
German Workers' Party (1920–1921) |
| Spouse(s) | Eva Braun (29–30 April 1945) |
| Occupation | Politician, soldier, artist, writer |
| Religion | See Adolf Hitler's religious views |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  German Empire |
| Service/branch |  Reichsheer |
| Years of service | 1914–1918 |
| Rank | Gefreiter |
| Unit | 16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards |
|
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler
http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler
PLATO
| Vestræn heimspeki Fornaldarheimspeki |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Nafn: | Platon |
| Fædd/ur: | 427 f.Kr. |
| Dáin/n: | 347 f.Kr. |
| Skóli/hefð: | Platonismi |
| Helstu ritverk: | Málsvörn Sókratesar; Evþýfrón; Prótagóras; Gorgías; Menon; Fædon; Ríkið; Fædros; Samdrykkjan; Kratýlos; Parmenídes; Þeætetos; Fræðarinn; Stjórnspekingurinn; Tímajos; Fílebos; Lögin |
| Helstu viðfangsefni: | frumspeki, þekkingarfræði, siðfræði, stjórnspeki, réttlæti, menntun, bókmenntir |
| Markverðar hugmyndir: | hluthyggja, frummyndakenningin, tvíhyggja um líkama og sál, ódauðleiki sálarinnar, upprifjunarkenningin, þekking sem sönn rökstudd skoðun, refsing sem lækning sálarinnar, þrískipting sálarinnar, eining dygðanna, platonsk ást, heimspekikóngurinn |
| Áhrifavaldar: | Sókrates, Parmenídes, Herakleitos, Kratýlos, Pýþagóras, Fílólás, Empedókles, Anaxagóras, Megöruheimspekin, sófistar, Prótagóras, Pródíkos, Hippías, Gorgías, Hómer, Hesíódos, Aristófanes |
| Hafði áhrif á: | Spevsippos, Xenókrates, Evdoxos, Aristóteles, akademíska efahyggju, Arkesilás, Karneades, stóuspeki, Panætíos, Póseidóníos, Cicero, Plútarkos, Plótínos, Porfyríos, Jamblikkos, Próklos, Anselm, Ficino, Hobbes, Descartes, Leibniz, Schopenhauer, Mill, Nietzsche, Russell, Heidegger, Gadamer, kristni, nær alla vestræna heimspeki og vísindi |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato
http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD
OLIVER CROMWELL
| Oliver Cromwell | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Portrait of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper | |
| 1st Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland | |
| In office 16 December 1653 – 3 September 1658 (4 years, 261 days) |
|
| Preceded by | Council of State |
| Succeeded by | Richard Cromwell |
| Member of Parliament for Huntingdon |
|
| In office 1628–1629 |
|
| Monarch | Charles I |
| Member of Parliament for Cambridge |
|
| In office 1640–1649 |
|
| Monarch | Charles I |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 25 April 1599 Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire |
| Died | 3 September 1658 (aged 59) Whitehall, London |
| Resting place | Tyburn, London |
| Nationality | English,British |
| Spouse(s) | Elizabeth Bourchier |
| Relations |
|
| Children |
|
| Alma mater | Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge |
| Occupation | Farmer; Parliamentarian; Military commander. |
| Religion | Puritan (Independent) |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Nickname(s) | Old Ironsides |
| Allegiance | Roundhead |
| Service/branch | Eastern Association (1643–1645); New Model Army (1645–1646) |
| Years of service | 1643–51 |
| Rank | Colonel (1643 – bef. 1644); Lieutenant-General of Horse (bef. 1644–45); Lieutenant-General of Cavalry (1645–46) |
| Commands | Cambridgeshire Ironsides (1643 – bef. 1644); Eastern Association (bef. 1644–45); New Model Army (1645–46) |
| Battles/wars | Gainsborough; Marston Moor; Newbury II; Naseby; Langport; Preston; Dunbar; Worcester |
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
| Alexander Graham Bell | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | March 3, 1847 Edinburgh, Scotland, UK |
| Died | August 2, 1922 (aged 75) Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, Canada |
| Cause of death | Complications from diabetes |
| Education | University of Edinburgh University College London |
| Occupation | Inventor Scientist Engineer Professor (Boston University) Teacher of the deaf |
| Known for | Inventing the Telephone |
| Spouse | Mabel Hubbard (married 1877–1922) |
| Children | (4) Two sons who died in infancy and two daughters |
| Parents | Alexander Melville Bell Eliza Grace Symonds Bell |
| Relatives | Gardiner Greene Hubbard (father-in-law) Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (son-in-law) Melville Bell Grosvenor (grandson) Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (great-grandson) Chichester Bell (cousin) |
| Signature |  |
ALEXANDER FLEMING
| Sir Alexander Fleming FRSE, FRS, FRCS(Eng) |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | 6 August 1881 Lochfield, Ayrshire, Scotland |
| Died | 11 March 1955 (aged 73) London, England |
| Citizenship | United Kingdom |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Fields | Bacteriology, immunology |
| Alma mater | Royal Polytechnic Institution; St Mary's Hospital Medical School; Imperial College London |
| Known for | Discovery of penicillin |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1945) |
Signature | |
JOHN LOCKE
| Born
: 29 August 1632 Wrington, Somerset, England | |
| Died
: 28 October 1704 (aged 72) Essex, England | |
| Era
17th-century philosophy (Modern Philosophy) | |
| Region : Western Philosophers | |
| School : British Empiricism, Social Contract, Natural Law | |
| Main interests : Metaphysics, Epistemology, Political Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Education, Economics | |
| Notable ideas : Tabula rasa, "government with the consent of the governed"; state of nature; rights of life, liberty and property | |
Signature
 | |
| Ludwig van Beethoven | |
 Ludwig van Beethoven w 1820 (fragment obrazu Josepha Karla Stielera)  |
|
| Data i miejsce urodzenia | 15-17 grudnia 1770 Bonn, Elektorat Kolonii |
| Pochodzenie | niemieckie, częściowo flamandzkie |
| Data i miejsce śmierci | 26 marca 1827 Wiedeń, Austria |
| Gatunek | muzyka poważna |
| Zawód | kompozytor, pianista, dyrygent |
 Galeria zdjęć w Wikimedia Commons |
|
 Kolekcja cytatów w Wikicytatac | |
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven
WERNER KARL HEISENBERG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg
LOUIS JACQUES MANDE DAGUERRE
| Louis Daguerre | |
|---|---|
 Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre |
|
| Born | 18 November 1787 Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Val-d'Oise, France |
| Died | 10 July 1851 (aged 63) Bry-sur-Marne, France |
| Known for | Invention of the daguerreotype process |
| Signature |  |
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Daguerre
SIMON BOLIVAR
| Simón Bolívar | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 12 de agosto de 1825 – 29 de diciembre de 1825 | |
| Sucesor | Antonio José de Sucre |
| 17 de febrero de 1824 – 28 de enero de 1827 | |
| Predecesor | José Bernardo de Torre Tagle |
| Sucesor | Andrés de Santa Cruz |
| 11 de julio de 1822 – 31 de julio de 1822 (Anexión a la Gran Colombia) |
|
| Predecesor | José Joaquín de Olmedo |
| 17 de diciembre de 1819 – 4 de mayo de 1830 | |
| Vicepresidente | Francisco de Paula Santander |
| Sucesor | Domingo Caicedo |
| 15 de febrero de 1819 – 17 de diciembre de 1819 | |
| Sucesor | José Antonio Páez |
| 6 de agosto de 1813 – 7 de julio de 1814 | |
| Predecesor | Cristóbal Mendoza |
Datos personales
|
|
| Nacimiento | 24 de julio de 1783 Caracas, C.G. de Venezuela (V. de la Nueva Granada), Imperio español |
| Fallecimiento | 17 de diciembre de 1830 (47 años) Santa Marta, República de Colombia |
| Cónyuge | María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alayza |
| Hijos | Sin descendencia |
| Profesión | Político y militar |
| Firma |  |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar
RENE DESCARTES
 Portrait after Frans Hals, 1648[1] |
|
| Born | 31 March 1596 La Haye en Touraine, Touraine (present-day Descartes, Indre-et-Loire), France |
|---|---|
| Died | 11 February 1650 (aged 53) Stockholm, Sweden |
| Era | 17th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western Philosophy |
| School | Cartesianism, Rationalism, Foundationalism |
| Main interests | Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mathematics |
| Notable ideas | Cogito ergo sum, method of doubt, Cartesian coordinate system, Cartesian dualism, ontological argument for the existence of Christian God; Folium of Descartes |
| Signature |  |
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes
UMAR BIN AL KHATTAB
| 'Umar bin al-Khattab | |
|---|---|
 Caliph Umar's empire at its peak, 644 |
|
| Commander of the Faithful (Amir al-Mu'minin) |
|
| Reign | 23 August 634 – November 7 644 |
| Full name | 'Umar bin al-Khattab |
| Titles | al-Farooq ("Distinguisher between truth and false") Amir al-Mo`mineen ("Commander of the Faithful) |
| Born | c.586-590 Mecca, Arabia |
| Died | 7 November 644 Medina, Arabia |
| Buried | Jannat baqi next to Prophet Muhammad Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, Madinah |
| Predecessor | Abu Bakr |
| Successor | Uthman |
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8
PAUS URBANUS II
| Urban II | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Papacy began | 12 March 1088 |
| Papacy ended | 29 July 1099 |
| Predecessor | Victor III |
| Successor | Paschal II |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Otho de Lagery |
| Born | ca.1035 Lagery, County of Champagne, Kingdom of France |
| Died | 29 July 1099 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire |
| Other Popes named Urban | |
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbain_II
MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI
| Michelangelo | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Michelangelo by Jacopino del Conte (after 1535) at the age of 60 |
|
| Birth name | Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni |
| Born | 6 March 1475 Caprese near Arezzo, Republic of Florence (present-day Tuscany, Italy) |
| Died | 18 February 1564 (aged 88) Rome, Papal States (present-day Italy) |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Field | Sculpture, painting, architecture, and poetry |
| Training | Apprentice to Domenico Ghirlandaio[1] |
| Movement | High Renaissance |
| Works | David, The Creation of Adam, Pietà, Sistine Chapel Ceiling |
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo_Buonarroti
http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo_Buonarroti
http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96
RAJA ASOKA
| Ashoka | |
|---|---|
| Maurya Samrat | |
 A "Chakravartin" ruler, first century BC/CE. Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati. Preserved at Musee Guimet |
|
| Reign | 274–232 BC |
| Coronation | 270 BC |
| Titles | Samraat Chakravartin; other titles include Devanampriya and Priyadarsin |
| Born | 304 BC |
| Birthplace | Pataliputra, Patna |
| Died | 232 BC (aged 72) |
| Place of death | Pataliputra, Patna |
| Buried | Ashes immersed in the Ganges River, possibly at Varanasi, Cremated 232 BC, less than 24 hours after death |
| Predecessor | Bindusara |
| Successor | Dasaratha Maurya |
| Consort | Maharani Devi |
| Wives | Rani Tishyaraksha Rani Padmavati Rani Kaurwaki |
| Offspring | Mahendra, Sanghamitra, Teevala, Kunala |
| Royal House | Mauryan dynasty |
| Father | Bindusara |
| Mother | Rani Dharma or Shubhadrangi |
| Religious beliefs | Buddhism |
http://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka_the_Great
SANTO AUGUSTINUS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo
WILLIAM HARVEY
| William Harvey | |
|---|---|
 William Harvey |
|
| Born | 1 April 1578 Folkestone |
| Died | 3 June 1657 (aged 79) Roehampton |
| Nationality | English |
| Fields | Medicine Anatomy |
| Doctoral advisor | Hieronymus Fabricius |
| Known for | Systemic circulation |
Signature | |
ERNEST RUTHERFORD, 1st BARON RUTHERFORD OF NELSON
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford
JOHN CALVIN
| John Calvin | |
|---|---|
 Barcelona, Spain (1554) |
|
| Born | Jehan Cauvin 10 July 1509 Noyon, Picardy, France |
| Died | 27 May 1564 (aged 54) Geneva, Switzerland |
| Occupation | Pastor, author, theologian |
| Tradition or movement |
Reformed, Calvinism |
| Notable works | The Institutes of the Christian Religion |
| Signature | |
 | |
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Calvin
GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL
| Gregor Mendel | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Gregor Johann Mendel July 20, 1822 Heinzendorf bei Odrau, Austrian Empire |
| Died | January 6, 1884 (aged 61) Brno (Brünn), Austria-Hungary |
| Nationality | Empire of Austria-Hungary |
| Fields | Genetics |
| Institutions | Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno |
| Alma mater | University of Olomouc University of Vienna |
| Known for | Discovering genetics |
http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel
MAX KARL ERNST LUDWIG PLANCK
| Max Planck | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | April 23, 1858 Kiel, Duchy of Holstein |
| Died | October 4, 1947 (aged 89) Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | University of Kiel University of Berlin University of Göttingen Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft |
| Alma mater | Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich |
| Doctoral advisor | Alexander von Brill |
| Doctoral students | Gustav Ludwig Hertz Erich Kretschmann Walther Meissner Walter Schottky Max von Laue Max Abraham Moritz Schlick Walther Bothe Julius Edgar Lilienfeld |
| Known for | Planck constant Planck postulate Planck's law of black body radiation |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physics (1918) |
Signature |
|
Notes
He is the father of Erwin Planck who was executed in 1945 by the Gestapo for his part in the July 20 plot. | |
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck
http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck
JOSEPH LISTER, 1st BARON LISTER
| Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister | |
|---|---|
 Photograph 1902 |
|
| Born | 5 April 1827 Upton, Essex |
| Died | 10 February 1912 (aged 84) Walmer, Kent |
| Nationality | United Kingdom |
| Fields | Medicine |
| Institutions | University of Glasgow University of Edinburgh University of London |
| Alma mater | University of London |
| Known for | Surgical sterile techniques |
Signature | |
NIKOLAUS AUGUST OTTO
| Nikolaus August Otto | |
|---|---|
 Nikolaus Otto |
|
| Born | 10 June 1832 Holzhausen an der Haide |
| Died | 26 January 1891 (aged 58) Cologne |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation | Inventor |
| Known for | internal-combustion engine |
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Otto
FRANCISCO PIZARRO
| Francisco Pizarro González | |
|---|---|
 Conquistador del Perú Gobernador de Nueva Castilla |
|
| Explorador, conquistador y marqués | |
| Años de servicio | 1496 – 1541 |
| Lealtad |  España |
| Condecoraciones | Marquesado de La Conquista |
| Participó en | Conquista del Perú |
| Estatus legal | Marqués |
| Nacimiento | 16 de marzo de 14781 Trujillo, Provincia de Caceres,  Corona de Castilla |
| Fallecimiento | 26 de junio de 1541 Ciudad de los Reyes Nueva Castilla |
 Escudo de Francisco Pizarro |
|
 | |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro
HERNANDO CORTES
| Hernán Cortés Monroy Pizarro Altamirano | |
|---|---|
 Hernán Cortés, en una interpretación contemporánea |
|
| Conquistador, explorador y marqués | |
| Años de servicio | 1504 – 1547 |
| Lealtad | España |
| Condecoraciones | Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca |
| Participó en | Conquista del Imperio Azteca |
| Estatus legal | Marqués |
| Nacimiento | 1485 Medellín, Badajoz Corona de Castilla |
| Fallecimiento | 2 de diciembre de 1547 Castilleja de la Cuesta, Sevilla España |
| Ocupación | Alcalde de Santiago de Cuba |
 |
|
 | |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s
THOMAS JEFFERSON
| Thomas Jefferson | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 3rd President of the United States | |
| In office March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809 |
|
| Vice President | Aaron Burr George Clinton |
| Preceded by | John Adams |
| Succeeded by | James Madison |
| 2nd Vice President of the United States | |
| In office March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801 |
|
| President | John Adams |
| Preceded by | John Adams |
| Succeeded by | Aaron Burr |
| 1st United States Secretary of State | |
| In office March 22, 1790 – December 31, 1793 |
|
| President | George Washington |
| Preceded by | John Jay (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Edmund Randolph |
| United States Minister to France | |
| In office May 17, 1785 – September 26, 1789 |
|
| Appointed by | Congress of the Confederation |
| Preceded by | Benjamin Franklin |
| Succeeded by | William Short |
| Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation from Virginia |
|
| In office November 3, 1783 – May 7, 1784 |
|
| Preceded by | James Madison |
| Succeeded by | Richard Henry Lee |
| 2nd Governor of Virginia | |
| In office June 1, 1779 – June 3, 1781 |
|
| Preceded by | Patrick Henry |
| Succeeded by | William Fleming |
| Delegate to the Second Continental Congress from Virginia |
|
| In office June 20, 1775 – September 26, 1776 |
|
| Preceded by | George Washington |
| Succeeded by | John Harvie |
| Personal details | |
| Born | April 13, 1743 Shadwell, Colony of Virginia |
| Died | July 4, 1826 (aged 83) Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Martha Wayles |
| Children | Martha Jane Mary Lucy Lucy Elizabeth |
| Residence | Monticello Poplar Forest |
| Alma mater | College of William and Mary |
| Profession | Planter Lawyer College Administrator |
| Religion | Deism (see article) |
| Signature |  |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jeffersonhttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson
RATU ISABELLA 1
| Isabel I de Castilla | |
|---|---|
| Reina de Castilla1 Reina consorte de Aragón. |
|
 La reina Isabel en un cuadro atribuido a Juan de Flandes (c. 1500) |
|
| Reina de Castilla (junto a Fernando V desde 1475) |
|
| 13 de diciembre de 1474 - 26 de noviembre de 1504 | |
| Predecesor | Enrique IV |
| Sucesor | Juana I |
| Reina consorte de Aragón | |
| 20 de enero de 1479 - 26 de noviembre de 1504 | |
| Predecesor | Juana Enríquez |
| Sucesor | Germana de Foix |
| Información personal | |
| Coronación | 13 de diciembre de 1474 en la Iglesia de San Miguel (Segovia) |
| Nacimiento | 22 de abril de 1451 Convento de San Agustín (Madrigal de las Altas Torres) Castilla |
| Fallecimiento | 26 de noviembre de 1504 (53 años) Palacio Testamentario (Medina del Campo) Castilla |
| Entierro | Capilla Real de Granada |
| Casa nobiliaria | Casa de Trastámara |
| Familia | |
| Padre | Juan II de Castilla |
| Madre | Isabel de Portugal |
| Consorte | Fernando II de Aragón |
| Descendencia | véase descendencia |
| Firma |  |
  | |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile
JOSEPH STALIN ( JOSEPH VISSARIONOVICH DZUGASHVILI )
Joseph Stalin
Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин (Russian)
იოსებ ბესარიონის ძე სტალინი (Georgian)
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Stalin at the Berlin Conference, 1945 | |
| General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 3 April 1922 – 16 October 1952 |
|
| Preceded by | Vyacheslav Molotov (as Responsible Secretary) |
| Succeeded by | Nikita Khrushchev (office reestablished) |
| Chairman of the Council of Ministers | |
| In office 6 May 1941 – 5 March 1953 |
|
| First Deputies | Nikolai Voznesensky Vyacheslav Molotov |
| Preceded by | Vyacheslav Molotov |
| Succeeded by | Georgy Malenkov |
| People's Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 19 July 1941 – 25 February 1946 |
|
| Premier | Himself |
| Preceded by | Semyon Timoshenko |
| Succeeded by | Nikolai Bulganin after vacancy |
| Member of the Secretariat | |
| In office 3 April 1922 – 5 March 1953 |
|
| Full member of the Presidium | |
| In office 25 March 1919 – 5 March 1953 |
|
| Member of the Orgburo | |
| In office 16 January 1919 – 5 March 1953 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 December 1878 Gori, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 5 March 1953 (aged 74) Kuntsevo Dacha near Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Resting place | Kremlin Wall Necropolis, Moscow, Russian Federation |
| Nationality | Soviet |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Spouse(s) | Ekaterina Svanidze (1906–1907) Nadezhda Alliluyeva (1919–1932) |
| Children | Yakov Dzhugashvili, Vasily Dzhugashvili, Svetlana Alliluyeva |
| Religion | None (atheist) |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Soviet Union |
| Service/branch | Soviet Armed Forces |
| Years of service | 1943–1953 |
| Rank | Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943–1945) Generalissimus of the Soviet Union (1945–1953) |
| Commands | All (supreme commander) |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87
http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A3_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Stalin
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Vissarionovici_Stalin
JULIUS CAESAR
| Gaius Julius Caesar | |
|---|---|
| Dictator of the Roman Republic | |
 The "Tusculum portrait", possibly the only surviving bust of Caesar made during his lifetime |
|
| Reign | October 49 BC – 15 March 44 BC (as dictator and/or consul) |
| Full name | Gaius Julius Caesar |
| Born | July 100 BC |
| Birthplace | Subura, Rome |
| Died | 15 March 44 BC (aged 55) |
| Place of death | Curia of Pompey, Rome |
| Consort | Cornelia Cinna minor 84 – 68 BC Pompeia 68 – 63 BC Calpurnia Pisonis 59 – 44 BC |
| Offspring | Julia Caesaris 85/84 – 54 BC Caesarion 47 – 30 BC Augustus 63 BC – 14 AD (grand-nephew, posthumously adopted as Caesar's son in 44 BC) |
| Royal House | Julio-Claudian |
| Father | Gaius Julius Cæsar |
| Mother | Aurelia Cotta[1] |
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar
RAJA WILLIAM I
| Guillaume le Conquérant | |
Détail de Guillaume le Conquérant, Tapisserie de Bayeux.
|
|
| Titre | |
|---|---|
| Roi d'Angleterre | |
| 14 octobre 1066 – 9 septembre 1087 20 ans, 10 mois et 25 jours |
|
| Couronnement | 25 décembre 1066 en l'Abbaye de Westminster |
| Prédécesseur | Harold II |
| Successeur | Guillaume II |
| Duc de Normandie | |
| 3 juillet 1035 – 9 septembre 1087 52 ans, 2 mois et 6 jours |
|
| Prédécesseur | Robert le Magnifique |
| Successeur | Robert II |
| Biographie | |
| Dynastie | Normands |
| Date de naissance | v.1027 |
| Lieu de naissance | Falaise (Normandie) |
| Date de décès | 9 septembre 1087 |
| Lieu de décès | Rouen (Normandie) |
| Père | Robert le Magnifique |
| Mère | Herleva |
| Conjoint | Mathilde de Flandre |
| Enfants | Robert Courteheuse Guillaume le Roux Adèle d'Angleterre Henri Beauclerc |
| Héritier | Robert Courteheuse (1087) |
 |
|
| Monarques de Grande-Bretagne | |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_I_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C
SIGMUND FREUD
| Sigmund Freud | |
|---|---|
 Sigmund Freud, by Max Halberstadt, 1921 |
|
| Born | Sigismund Schlomo Freud 6 May 1856 Freiberg in Mähren, Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic), Austrian Empire |
| Died | 23 September 1939 (aged 83) London, England, UK |
| Residence | Austria |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Fields | Neurology Psychotherapy Psychoanalysis |
| Institutions | University of Vienna |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Known for | Psychoanalysis |
| Influences | Aristotle, Brentano, Breuer, Charcot, Darwin, Dostoyevsky, Goethe, Haeckel, Hartmann, Jackson, Jacobsen, Kant, Mayer, Nietzsche, Plato, Schopenhauer, Shakespeare, Sophocles |
| Influenced | Eugen Bleuler, John Bowlby, Viktor Frankl, Anna Freud, Erich Fromm, Otto Gross, Karen Horney, Arthur Janov, Ernest Jones, Carl Jung, Melanie Klein, Jacques Lacan, Fritz Perls, Otto Rank, Wilhelm Reich |
| Notable awards | Goethe Prize Foreign Member of the Royal Society (London)[1] |
Signature | |
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud
EDWARD JENNER
| Edward Jenner FRS | |
|---|---|
 Edward Jenner by James Northcote |
|
| Born | 17 May 1749 Berkeley, Gloucestershire |
| Died | 26 January 1823 (aged 73) Berkeley, Gloucestershire |
| Residence | Berkeley, Gloucestershire |
| Nationality | English |
| Fields | Microbiology |
| Alma mater | St George's, University of London |
| Doctoral advisor | John Hunter |
| Known for | Smallpox vaccine |
WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN
| Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 27 March 1845 Lennep, Germany |
| Died | 10 February 1923 (aged 77) Munich, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | |
| Alma mater | |
| Doctoral advisor | August Kundt |
| Doctoral students | |
| Known for | X-rays |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physics (1901) |
Signature | |
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH
| Johann Sebastian Bach | |
|---|---|
Retrato de Bach por Elias Gottlob Haussmann en 1746, Museo de la Ciudad de Leipzig.
|
|
| Nacimiento | 21 de marzo de 1685 Eisenach, Ducado de Sajonia-Eisenach, Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico |
| Fallecimiento | 28 de julio de 1750 (65 años) Leipzig, Electorado de Sajonia, Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico |
| Ocupación | Compositor, organista, clavecinista, maestro de capilla y cantor. |
| Cónyuge | Maria Barbara Bach (1707-1720) Anna Magdalena Wicke (1721-1750) |
| Hijos | 20 hijos, entre ellos: Wilhelm Friedmann Carl Philipp Emanuel Johann Cristian. |
Firma
 | |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach
http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85
http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach
LAO TZU
 Laozi, depicted as a Taoist god. |
|
| Born | 604 BC, Zhou Dynasty |
|---|---|
| Died | Zhou Dynasty |
| Era | Ancient philosophy |
| Region | East Asian philosophy |
| School | Taoism |
| Notable ideas | Wu wei |
VOLTAIRE
| Voltaire | |
|---|---|
 Voltaire at 24, by Catherine Lusurier after Nicolas de Largillière's painting |
|
| Born | François-Marie Arouet 21 November 1694 Paris, France |
| Died | 30 May 1778 (aged 83) Paris, France |
| Pen name | Voltaire |
| Occupation | Writer, philosopher, playwright |
| Nationality | French |
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire
http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire
JOHANNES KEPLER
| Johannes Kepler | |
|---|---|
 A 1610 portrait of Johannes Kepler by an unknown artist |
|
| Born | December 27, 1571 Free Imperial City of Weil der Stadt near Stuttgart, HRE (now part of the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg, Germany) |
| Died | November 15, 1630 (aged 58) Regensburg, Electorate of Bavaria, HRE (now Germany) |
| Residence | Württemberg; Styria; Bohemia; Upper Austria |
| Fields | Astronomy, astrology, mathematics and natural philosophy |
| Institutions | University of Linz |
| Alma mater | University of Tübingen |
| Known for | Kepler's laws of planetary motion Kepler conjecture |
Signature | |
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler
ENRICO FERMI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi
LEONHARD EULER
| Leonhard Euler | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Johann Georg Brucker (1756) |
|
| Born | 15 April 1707 Basel, Switzerland |
| Died | 18 September 1783 (aged 76) [OS: 7 September 1783] Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Residence | Kingdom of Prussia, Russian Empire Switzerland |
| Nationality | Swiss |
| Fields | Mathematician and Physicist |
| Institutions | Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences Berlin Academy |
| Alma mater | University of Basel |
| Doctoral advisor | Johann Bernoulli |
| Doctoral students | Nicolas Fuss Johann Hennert Joseph Louis Lagrange Stepan Rumovsky |
| Known for | See full list |
Signature |
|
Notes
He is the father of the mathematician Johann Euler He is listed by academic genealogy authorities as the equivalent to the doctoral advisor of Joseph Louis Lagrange. | |
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
 Rousseau in 1753, by Maurice Quentin de La Tour |
|
| Born | 28 June 1712 Geneva, Republic of Geneva |
|---|---|
| Died | 2 July 1778 (aged 66) Ermenonville, Kingdom of France |
| Era | 18th century philosophy (Modern philosophy) |
| Region | Western Philosophers |
| School | Social contract theory Romanticism |
| Main interests | Political philosophy, music, education, literature, autobiography |
| Notable ideas | General will, amour-propre, moral simplicity of humanity, child-centered learning, civil religion, popular sovereignty, positive liberty |
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
 Portrait of Niccolò Machiavelli by Santi di Tito |
|
| Born | 3 May 1469 Florence |
|---|---|
| Died | 21 June 1527 (aged 58) Florence |
| Era | Renaissance Italy |
| School | Renaissance philosophy, realism, Classical republicanism |
| Main interests | Politics (and Political Philosophy), military theory, history |
| Signature |  |
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli
THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS
| Classical economics | |
|---|---|
 Thomas Robert Malthus |
|
| Born | 14 February 1766 Surrey, England |
| Died | 29 December 1834 (aged 68) Bath, England |
| Field | Demography, macroeconomics |
| Opposed | William Godwin, Marquis de Condorcet, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Ricardo |
| Influences | David Ricardo, Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi |
| Influenced | Charles Darwin, Francis Place, Garrett Hardin, John Maynard Keynes, Pierre François Verhulst, Alfred Russel Wallace, Karl Marx, Mao Zedong |
| Contributions | Malthusian growth model |
JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY
| John F. Kennedy | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 35th President of the United States | |
| In office January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 |
|
| Vice President | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Preceded by | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Succeeded by | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| United States Senator from Massachusetts |
|
| In office January 3, 1953 – December 22, 1960 |
|
| Preceded by | Henry Cabot Lodge |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Smith |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 11th district |
|
| In office January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1953 |
|
| Preceded by | James Curler |
| Succeeded by | Tip O'Neill |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Fitzgerald Kennedy May 29, 1917 Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | November 22, 1963 (aged 46) Dallas, Texas, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Jacqueline Bouvier |
| Children |
|
| Alma mater | Harvard College |
| Profession | Politician |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1941–1945 |
| Rank |  Lieutenant |
| Unit | Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 |
| Battles/wars |
|
| Awards | |
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy
GREGORY GOODWIN PINCUS
| Gregory Goodwin Pincus | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | April 9, 1903 Woodbine, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Died | August 22, 1967 (aged 64) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Residence | Northborough, Massachusetts |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Fields | Biology |
| Institutions | Harvard University Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology |
| Alma mater | Cornell University Harvard University |
| Known for | Combined oral contraceptive pill |
NABI MANI
| Prophet Mani |
|
|---|---|
 Prophet Mani |
|
| Born | 216 AD Ctesiphon, Parthian Empire (modern-day Iraq) |
| Died | 276 AD Gundeshapur, Sassanid Empire (modern-day Iran) |
| Ethnicity | Iranian |
| Known for | Founder of Manichaeism |
| Religion | Born Elcesaites Later Manichaeism |
http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C
VLADIMIR ILYICH LENIN ( VLADIMIR ILYICH ULYANOV )
| Vladimir Lenin | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 30 December 1922 – 21 January 1924 |
|
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Alexey Rykov |
| Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR | |
| In office 8 November 1917 – 21 January 1924 |
|
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Alexey Rykov |
| Informal leader of the Russian Communist Party | |
| In office 17 November 1903 – 21 January 1924 |
|
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Stalin (as General Secretary) |
| Full member of the Politburo | |
| In office 25 March 1919 – 21 January 1924 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
(Russian: Владимир Ильич Ульянов) 22 April 1870 Simbirsk, Russian Empire |
| Died | 21 January 1924 (aged 53) (stroke) Gorki, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Resting place | Lenin's Mausoleum, Moscow, Russian Federation |
| Nationality | Soviet Russian |
| Political party | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) |
| Spouse(s) | Nadezhda Krupskaya (1898–1924) |
| Profession | Lawyer, revolutionary, politician |
| Religion | None (atheist) |
| Signature |  |
http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenjin
KAISAR SUI WEN
| Yang Jian | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Reign | 4 March 581–13 August 604 (23 years, 162 days) |
| Successor | Emperor Yang |
| Spouse | Dugu Qieluo, Empress Wen Xian 文獻皇后獨孤伽羅 Consort Chen, concubine 宣華夫人陳氏 Consort Chai, concubine 容華夫人蔡氏 Consort Yuchi, concubine |
| Issue | |
| Yang Lihua, Empress Tianyuan of Northern Zhou Yang Yong, Prince Fangling Yang Guang, Emperor Yang Yang Jun, Prince Xiao of Qin Yang Xiu, Prince of Shu Yang Awu, Princess Lanling Yang Liang, Prince of Han Princess Xiangguo Princess Guangping Princess Wanan, Duchess of Chen |
|
| Full name | |
| Family name: Yang (楊, Yáng) Given name: Jian (堅, Jiān) |
|
| Era dates | |
| Kāihuáng 開皇 (581–600) Rénshòu 仁壽 (601–604) |
|
| Posthumous name | |
| Wen (文, wén) literary meaning: "civil" |
|
| Temple name | |
| Gaozu (高祖, gāo zǔ) | |
| Father | Yang Zhong, Duke of Sui[1] |
| Mother | Lü Gutao |
| Born | 21 July 541 Chang'an, Northern Zhou |
| Died | 13 August 604 Renshou Palace, Baoji, Sui China |
VASCO DA GAMA
| Vasco da Gama | |
|---|---|
| Admiral of the Seas of Arabia, Persia, India and all the Orient | |
 |
|
| Count of Vidigueira | |
| Coat of arms |  |
| Tenure | 29 December 1519 - 23 December 1524 |
| Successor | Francisco da Gama |
| Spouse(s) | Catarina de Ataíde |
|
Issue D. Francisco da Gama, 2nd Count of Vidiguiera D. Estêvão da Gama, Viceroy of India D. Cristóvão da Gama, Captain of Malacca |
|
| Full name Vasco da Gama |
|
| Noble family | Gama |
| Father | Estêvão da Gama |
| Born | 1460 or 1469 Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Died | 23 December 1524 Kochim, Portuguese India |
| Burial | Jerónimos Monastery, Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Occupation | Explorer, Viceroy of India |
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama
RAJA CYRUS YANG AGUNG
| Cyrus the Great | |
|---|---|
| King of Persia, King of Āryāvarta,[1][2] King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the four corners of the World[3] | |
 |
|
| Reign | 559 BC – 530 BC (30 years) |
| Born | 600 BC or 576 BC |
| Birthplace | Anshan, Persis, Iran |
| Died | December, 530 BC |
| Place of death | Along the Syr Darya |
| Buried | Pasargadae |
| Predecessor | Cambyses I |
| Successor | Cambyses II |
| Consort | Cassandane of Persia |
| Offspring | Cambyses II Bardiya Artystone Atossa Unnamed unknown |
| Royal House | Achaemenid |
| Father | Cambyses I |
| Mother | Mandane of Media or Argoste of Persia |
http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF
http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir_Veliki
TSAR PETER YANG AGUNG
| Peter the Great | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Reign | 7 May 1682 – 8 February 1725 co-reign, with Ivan V, 1682–1696 |
| Coronation | 25 June 1682 |
| Predecessor | Feodor III |
| Successor | Catherine I |
| Consort | |
| Issue | |
| Full name | |
| Peter Alekseyevich Romanov | |
| House | House of Romanov |
| Father | Alexis |
| Mother | Natalya Naryshkina |
| Born | 9 June 1672 Moscow |
| Died | 8 February 1725 (aged 52) Saint Petersburg |
| Burial | Peter and Paul Cathedral |
| Signature |  |
| Religion | Russian Orthodox Christian |
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_I_c%E1%BB%A7a_Nga
MAO ZEDONG ( MAO TSE-TUNG )
| Mao Zedong 毛泽东 |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Official 1967 Portrait of Mao Zedong | |
| 1st Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China | |
| In office June 19, 1945 – September 9, 1976 (31 years, 82 days) |
|
| Deputy | Liu Shaoqi Lin Biao Zhou Enlai Hua Guofeng |
| Preceded by | Himself (as Central Politburo Chairman) |
| Succeeded by | Hua Guofeng |
| 1st Chairman of the Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China | |
| In office March 20, 1943 – September 28, 1958 (15 years, 192 days) |
|
| Preceded by | Zhang Wentian (as General Secretary) |
| Succeeded by | Himself (as Central Committee Chairman) |
| 1st Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission | |
| In office August 23, 1945 – 1949 September 8, 1954 – September 9, 1976 |
|
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Hua Guofeng |
| 1st Chairman of the National Committee Of the CPPCC | |
| In office September 21, 1949 – December 25, 1954 Honorary Chairman December 25, 1954 – September 9, 1976 |
|
| Preceded by | Position Created |
| Succeeded by | Zhou Enlai |
| 1st Chairman of the People's Republic of China | |
| In office September 27, 1954 – April 27, 1959 |
|
| Premier | Zhou Enlai |
| Deputy | Zhu De |
| Preceded by | Position Created |
| Succeeded by | Liu Shaoqi |
| Member of the National People's Congress |
|
| In office 15 September 1954 – 18 April 1959 21 December 1964 – 9 September 1976 |
|
| Constituency | Beijing At-large (54–59,64–76) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 26, 1893 Shaoshan, Hunan, China |
| Died | September 9, 1976 (aged 82) Beijing, People's Republic of China |
| Resting place | Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, Beijing, People's Republic of China |
| Nationality | Han Chinese |
| Political party | Communist Party of China |
| Spouse(s) | Luo Yixiu (1907–1910) Yang Kaihui (1920–1930) He Zizhen (1930–1937) Jiang Qing (1939–1976) |
| Signature |  |
SIR FRANCIS BACON
 Portrait of Francis Bacon, by John Vanderbank (ca. 1731), after a portrait by an unknown artist (circa 1618). |
|
| Born | 22 January 1561 Strand, London, England |
|---|---|
| Died | 9 April 1626 (aged 65) Highgate, London, England |
| Era | English Renaissance, The Scientific Revolution |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Renaissance Philosophy, Empiricism |
| Signature |  |
HENRY FORD
| Henry Ford | |
|---|---|
 Henry Ford, c. 1919 |
|
| Born | July 30, 1863 Greenfield Township, Michigan, U.S. |
| Died | April 7, 1947 (aged 83) Fair Lane, Dearborn, Michigan, U.S. |
| Occupation | Business, Engineering |
| Net worth |  $188.1 billion, based on information from Forbes, February 2008. |
| Religion | Protestant Episcopal |
| Spouse | Clara Jane Bryant |
| Children | Edsel Ford |
| Parents | William Ford and Mary Ford |
| Signature |  |
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford
MENG TSE
 Mencius, from Myths and Legends of China, 1922 by E. T. C. Werner |
|
| Born | 372 BC |
|---|---|
| Died | 289 BC (aged 83) |
| Era | Ancient philosophy |
| Region | Chinese philosophy |
| School | Confucianism |
| Main interests | Ethics, Social philosophy, Political philosophy |
| Notable ideas | Confucianism |
NABI ZARATHUSTRA ( ZOROASTER )
| Zoroaster Zaraϑuštra Spitāma |
|
|---|---|
Zoroaster holds the celestial sphere in Raphael's School of Athens |
|
| Known for | Founder of Zoroastrianism |
| Spouse | Hvōvi (traditional) |
| Children | Freni, Pourucista, Triti; Isat Vastar, Uruvat-Nara, Hvare Ciϑra (traditional) |
| Parents | Pourušaspa Spitāma, Dughdova (traditional) |
http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AA
RATU ELIZABETH I
| Elizabeth I | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Elizabeth I , "Darnley Portrait", c. 1575 | |
| Reign | 17 November 1558 – 24 March 1603 |
| Coronation | 15 January 1559 |
| Predecessors | Mary I and Philip |
| Successor | James I |
| House | House of Tudor |
| Father | Henry VIII |
| Mother | Anne Boleyn |
| Born | 7 September 1533 Greenwich, England |
| Died | 24 March 1603 (aged 69) Richmond, England |
| Burial | Westminster Abbey |
| Signature |  |
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Inglaterra
MIKHAIL SERGEYEVICH GORBACHEV
| Mikhail Gorbachev Михаил Горбачёв |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Mikhail Gorbachev in 1987 | |
| Head of state of the Soviet Union (President of the Soviet Union from 15 March 1990) |
|
| In office 1 October 1988 – 25 December 1991 |
|
| Prime Minister | Nikolai Ryzhkov Valentin Pavlov Ivan Silayev |
| Vice President | Gennady Yanayev |
| Preceded by | Andrei Gromyko |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| 6th General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 11 March 1985 – 24 August 1991 |
|
| Deputy | Vladimir Ivashko |
| Preceded by | Konstantin Chernenko |
| Succeeded by | Vladimir Ivashko (Acting) |
| Member of the Politburo | |
| In office 27 November 1979 – 24 August 1991 |
|
| Member of the Secretariat | |
| In office 27 November 1978 – 24 August 1991 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | 2 March 1931 Privolnoye, Stavropol Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1950–1991) Social Democratic Party of Russia (2001–2004) Union of Social Democrats (2007–present) Independent Democratic Party of Russia (2008–present) |
| Spouse(s) | Raisa Gorbachova (d. 1999) |
| Alma mater | Moscow State University |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | See religious affiliation |
| Signature |  |
| Website | The Gorbachev Foundation |
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mija%C3%ADl_Gorbachov
RAJA MENES
| Menes | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus: Mênês Eusebius: Mênês |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh of Egypt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Hor-Aha? | |||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
KAISAR CHARLEMAGNE
| Charlemagne | |
|---|---|
| Rex Francorum (King of the Franks) Rex Longobardorum (King of the Lombards) Imperator Romanorum (Emperor of the Romans) |
|
 |
|
| A coin of Charlemagne with the inscription KAROLVS IMP AVG ("Carolus Imperator Augustus") | |
| Reign | 768–814 |
| Coronation | Noyon, 9 October 768 Pavia, 10 July 774 Rome, 25 December 800 |
| Predecessor | Pepin the Short |
| Successor | Louis the Pious |
| Father | Pepin the Short |
| Mother | Bertrada of Laon |
| Born | 2 April 742 (Unsure) Liège |
| Died | 28 January 814 (aged around 71) Aachen |
| Burial | Aachen Cathedral |
http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolis_Didysis
HOMER
 Idealized portrayal of Homer dating to the Hellenistic period. British Museum. |
|
| Born | ca. 8th century BC |
|---|---|
http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82
http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%A9rosz
KAISAR YUSTINIANUS I
| Justinian I | |
|---|---|
| Emperor of the Byzantine Empire | |
 Detail of a portrait in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna |
|
| Reign | 1 August 527 – 13/14 November 565 |
| Full name | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Augustus |
| Born | c. 482 |
| Birthplace | Tauresium, Dardania (near today's Skopje, Macedonia) |
| Died | 14 November 565 (aged 82) |
| Place of death | Constantinople |
| Predecessor | Justin I |
| Successor | Justin II |
| Consort to | Theodora |
| Father | Sabbatius |
| Mother | Vigilantia |
http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justiniano_I.a
MAHAVIRA
| Mahāvīra | |
|---|---|
| 24th Jain Tirthankara | |
 Miniature painting of Mahāvīra |
|
| Details | |
| Alternate names: | Vardhamana,Sanmatinayak,Vir,Maha-ativeer, Shramana, Niggantha |
| Historical date: | 599–527 BCE |
| Family | |
| Father: | Siddaratha |
| Mother: | Trishala (Priyakarni) |
| Dynasty: | Ikshvaku |
| Places | |
| Birth: | Kundalagrama near Vaishali |
| Nirvana: | Pavapuri, Nalanda district, Bihar |
| Attributes | |
| Colour: | Yellow |
| Symbol: | Lion |
| Height: | 6 Feet |
| Age At Death: | 72 years old |
| Attendant Gods | |
| Yaksha: | Matang |
| Yaksini: | Siddhayika |
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
| St Thomas Aquinas | |
|---|---|
 Thomas Aquinas depicted in stained glass |
|
| Born | Thomas Aquinas 1225 Roccasecca, Kingdom of Sicily |
| Died | 7 March 1274 Fossanova, Kingdom of Sicily |
| Occupation | Priest, Philosopher, Theologian |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Genres | Scholasticism, Thomism |
| Subjects | Metaphysics, Logic, Theology, Mind, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics |
| Notable work(s) | Summa Theologica, Summa Contra Gentiles |
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_von_Aquin
ARCHIMEDES
| Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης) |
|
|---|---|
 Archimedes Thoughtful by Fetti (1620) |
|
| Born | c. 287 BC Syracuse, Sicily Magna Graecia |
| Died | c. 212 BC (aged around 75) Syracuse |
| Residence | Syracuse, Sicily |
| Fields | Mathematics, physics, engineering, astronomy, invention |
| Known for | Archimedes' principle, Archimedes' screw, hydrostatics, levers, infinitesimals |
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimede
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%B9
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE |
|
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